Pennsylvania Licthic Materials

Materials Identification Guide

Pennsylvania Lithic Material

Name	Natural	Non-heat treated points	Heat treated points	Color details	Primary found in:	Associated Formation / Member
Allentown Chert				Ranges from a medium to dark gray with white streamers with banding commonly present. Oolitic and stromatolitic.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Allentown Formation
Allentown Quartzite				Ranges from a very light gray to a medium light gray.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Allentown Formation
Alsen Chert				Mottled dark gray to a dark brownish gray.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Alsen Cherty Limestone Formation of the Helderberg Group
Antietam Quartzite AKA: Erwin-Antietam Quartzite				Ranges from bright white to light gray, tan, brown, pink, or red, a greenish brown variation is reported	Southern Pennsylvania	Antietam Formation of the Chilhowee Group
Aquia Orthoquartzite				Ranges from white to tan, light gray, or brown. Finer grain can range from tan to brown, gray, yellow, or red.	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Aquia Quartzite Formation
Argillite (Generic type)				Light to dark green, but may range to various shades of gray.	North America	Varies
Bald Eagle Jasper AKA: Houserville Jasper				Mottled with shades of light or medium yellow	Central Pennsylvania
Beaver Run Chert				Dolomite is a sparkly black which emits a fetid odor when struck with black and knotted chert occur.	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Beaver Run Dolomite Member of the Ontelaunee Formation
Beekmantown Chert AKA: Narrows Chert				Dark gray often fossiliferous.	Pennsylvania	Beekmantown Geological Group
Bellefonte Chert				Ranges from a light to medium gray	South central Pennsylvania	Bellefonte Dolomite Formation of the Beekmantown Group.
Belleville Chalcedony				Ranges from a black to a dark brown in color. Veins and inclusion of white quartz are sometimes present	Central Pennsylvania
Berea Sandstone				Ranges in color from a light gray to a buff	Western Pennsylvania	Waverly Group
Boggs Chert AKA: Blunt Run Chert				Ranges in color from a dark gray to black with numerous white or light colored speckles from fossils	Southwestern Pennsylvania	Boggs Member of the Pottsville Formation
Branchville Chert				Medium to dark gray weathering a reddish brown to buff.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Branchville Member of the Epler Formation, Beekmantown Group
Briarcliff Chert				Light with darker patches.	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Briarcliff Dolomite Formation of the Wappinger Group
Brandywine Blue Gneiss AKA: Wilmington Blue Rock				Ranges from a bright blue to a bluish gray.	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Brandywine Blue Gneiss Formation of the Wilmington Complex
Broad Run Chalcedony AKA: Wissahickon Schist				Ranges in color from a mottled white to light gray or cream to yellow. Black specks are present through the material.	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Wissahickon Formation
Brunswick Mudstone / Siltstone				Primarily a dark red, but colors of purple, green, yellow, gray, and black also occur.	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Passaic Formation (formerly Brunswick Formation) of the Newark Group
Brush Creek Chert AKA: Crooksville Chert, Hughes River Chert				Varies in color from a tan to a brown olive or light green	Southwestern Pennsylvania	Conemaugh Group
Buttermilk Falls Chert				Ranges from a dark gray to black.	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Buttermilk Falls Member of the Onondaga Limestone Formation
Califon Chert				Ranges in color from black to gray or bluish gray or orange to brown and typically stained green from limonite.	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Califon Member of the Leithsville Formation
Cannel Coal				Ranges from dark gray to black	Kentucky, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Texas, and Nova Scotia.
Carbaugh Run Rhyolite					South central Pennsylvania
Catoctin Greenstone AKA: Catoctin Metabasalt				Ranges from a green to a greenish gray or gray.	Southern Pennsylvania	Catoctin Formation
Catoctin Metarhyolite AKA: Highland Metarhyolite				Ranges from a gray to a bluish gray, blue, or purple. Banding, mottling, or breccia with a tannish color may be present.	Southern Pennsylvania	Catoctin Formation
Cecil Black Chert AKA: Newark Chert				Ranges from a medium gray to black	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Newark Gabbro Formation
Chepultepec Chert (Ridge and Valley Chert)				Ranges from yellow to white and oolitic	South central Pennsylvania	Chapultepec Member of the Knox Formation
Cherry Valley Silicified Shale				Ranges from a medium gray to a sooty black	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Cherry Valley Shale Member of the Marcellus Formation of New York
Chickies Quartzite AKA: Chiques Quartzite, Hellam Quartzite, Edge Hill Quartzite				Ranges from white to gray or tinted pink, tan, green, or blue	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Chickies Formation
Clarks Ferry Siltstone				Yellowish gray	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Clarks Ferry Member of the Catskill Formation
Coeymans Chert AKA: New Creek Chert				ranges in color from a bluish black to black. Cloudy patches of fine pyrite and quartz may be present.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Coeymans Limestone Formation (New Creek Formation), Helderberg Group
Cohansey Orthoquartzite				Base color of grayish white with mottled colors including yellow to brown, orange to red, or black	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Cohansey Formation
Conococheague Chert				Ranges from a gray to a bluish gray, brownish gray, or black. Small blue to white inclusions may be present.	South central Pennsylvania	Conococheague Limestone Formation
Copper Ridge Chert (Ridge and Valley Chert)				Ranges in color from medium to dark gray to black	South central Pennsylvania	Copper Ridge Member of the Knox formation
Coshocton Chert Upper Mercer Chert variation				Ranges from a medium gray to a dark bluish gray with bands of various shades of blue, commonly has bands of white quartz	Western Pennsylvania	Upper Mercer Limestone of the Pottsville Formation
Crystal Quartz				clear colorless stone similar to clear glass	Eastern North America
Edgecliff Chert AKA: Clarence Chert				Mottled black, gray, and white with black spots	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Edgecliff member of the Onondaga Formation
Epler Chert / Dolomite				Ranges from a medium to dark gray.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Epler Formation of the Beekmantown Group
Esopus Chert / Silicified Shale AKA: Cherry Valley Chert, Bowmanstown Chert				Ranges from a dark gray or brown to a brownish black or black.	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Esopus Member of the Onondaga Limestone Formation.
Flint Ridge Chert /Chalcedony AKA: Van Port, Raccoon Creek Chert				White to bluish hues with bands of light gray, reds, and yellows	Western Pennsylvania	Van Port Member of the Allegheny Formation
Gettysburg Siltstone AKA: Hammer Creek Siltstone				Ranges from a reddish brown to maroon	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Gettysburg Formation (Hammer Creek Formation) of the Newark Group
Gull River Chert (Upper) AKA: Trent Valley Chert				Ranges from black or blackish blue with lenticular cream or light tan mottling	Northwestern Pennsylvania	Gull River Limestone Formation
Hardyston Chalcedony				Semi translucent milky white to light blue or light to gray.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Hardyston Formation
Hardyston Jasper AKA: Berks Jasper, Lehigh Jasper, Pennsylvania Jasper, Reading Prong Jasper				Ranges from a dark golden yellow to a bright red or dark brown with mottling as well as tiny veins of clear to white translucent chalcedony.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Hardyston Formation
Hardyston Quartzite				Ranges from a milky white to light blue to a light yellowish brown or gray.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Hardyston Formation
Harmonyvale Chert				Ranges from a gray to a greenish gray	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Harmonyvale Member of the Ontelaunee Formation
Heath Farm Jasper AKA: Delmarva Peninsula Jasper				Ranges from a brownish to dark brownish black.	Southeastern Pennsylvania
Helderberg Chert				Ranges from mottled white to light cream, light gray, and light blue commonly mottled and fossiliferous.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Helderberg Group
Huronia Chert AKA: Lower Gull River Chert				Bluish gray mottled or banded chert with brownish-grey or greyish-beige colors. Chert is commonly speckled with light/dark grey, or grey-black	Northwestern Pennsylvania	Fontenac Axis Member of the Gull River Formation
Iron Hill Jasper AKA: Newark Jasper				Ranges from a mottled mustard yellow to brown, dark brown, brownish black, and red.	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Newark Gabbo Formation
Kalkberg Chert				Ranges in color from a grayish blue to a black. This chert is heavily cloudy by opaque patches. Clastic quartz is present	Eastern Pennsylvania	Kalkberg Formation of the Helderberg Group
Kanawha Black Chert				Vary from a black to a bluish black /gray to a dark gray	Southwestern Pennsylvania	Kanawha formation
Kettle Point Chert AKA: Ausabel Chert, Port Franks Chert / Chalcedony				Ranges from a mottled blue gray to a medium gray with darker grayish banding, lighter clouds or streaks are present	Northwestern Pennsylvania	Ipperwash Formation Limestone
Keyser Chert				Mottled gray to brownish gray of black with visible clastic quartz grains.	South central Pennsylvania	Keyser Formation
Kittatiny Chert				Ranges from a mottled light grayish brown to a dark grayish black with veinlets of light gray chalcedony.	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Kittatiny Formation
Knox Chert				Dark blue to bluish gray with translucent mottling. Red Knox Chert has a reddish color with slight mottling.	South central Pennsylvania	Knox Formation
Lafayette Chert				Ranges from a dark gray to black weathering an orangish gray	Eastern Pennsylvania	Lafayette Member of the Epler Formation, Beekmantown Group
Leithville Chert				Ranges in color from black to gray or bluish gray or orange to brown. white quartz veins or staining of green limonite may be present.	Eastern Pennsylvania	Leithville Formation
Libertytown Metarhyolite				Ranges from a dark purplish to a bluish black or red with macrophenocycts of pink and white feldspar.	South central Pennsylvania	Libertytown Metarhyolite Formation
Licking Creek Chert				Black with sandy texture inclusions.	South central Pennsylvania	Licking Creek Member, Helderberg Formation
Limeport Chert				Ranges from a gray to a bluish gray or black, banding may be present.	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Limeport Member of the Allentown Formation
Little Falls Chert AKA: Knauderack Chert				Most commonly blue, but dark brown to a pearly light blue or small bluish green speckles and milky white. Red jasper also occurs.	Pennsylvania, New York	Little Falls Dolomite Formation
Lockatong Argillite				Primarily a light to dark gray, greenish gray, or black, but a greenish red, grayish purple, or reddish brown may also occur	Eastern Pennsylvania	Lockatong Formation, Newark Group
Longview Chert				Primarily reddish, but white to gray colors do occur	South central Pennsylvania	Longview Member of the Knox formation
Lower Mercer Chert				Bluish gray color with quartz inclusions.	Southwestern Pennsylvania	Lower Mercer Member of the Pottsville Formation
Loyalhanna Chert				Ranges in color from a chalky white, light gray, or light green to greenish brown	Southwestern Pennsylvania	Loyalhanna Limestone Formation of the Maxwell Group
Macungie Jasper				Ranges from a brownish yellow to a mustard yellow or a brownish red to red. Commonly has veinlets of quartz.	Southeastern Pennsylvania
Meadow Mountain Chert				Mottled blue gray with white streaks present.	Southwestern Pennsylvania	Possible Foreknob Formation
Mines Chert AKA: Gatesburg Chert				Medium gray with visible ooids present.	Central Pennsylvania	Mines Dolomite Member of the Gatesburg Formation
Mogothy Quartzite AKA: Magothy Quartzite				Ranges in color from gray to bluish gray or purple, banding or mottling may be present. Small fossils may give a peppered appearance.	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Mogothy Formation
Monongahela Chert				Ranges from light to medium gray with limonite staining	Southwestern Pennsylvania	Uniontown Member of the Monongahela Group
Nellie Blue Chert (Upper Mercer Chert variant)				Gray to medium blue and commonly has white streaks	Western Pennsylvania	Upper Mercer Limestone of the Pottsville group
Nethers Chert Flint Ridge Chert variation AKA: Ribbon Chert				Banded with colors ranging from light gray to black, pink to red, or tan to brown	Western Pennsylvania	Van Port Member of the Allegheny Formation
Newark Jasper AKA: Iron Hill Japer				Primarily a mottled mustard yellow with white quartz inclusions and streaks. Mottled grays may be present.	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Newark Gabbro Formation
New Market Chert AKA: Row Park Chert				Ranges from a dark gray to black.	South central Pennsylvania	New Market Limestone Formation of the St. Paul Group
New Scotland Chert AKA: Corriganville Chert, Minisink Chert				Ranges from a white to very light colors.	Eastern Pennsylvania	New Scotland Formation (Corriganville Formation) of the Helderberg Group
Nittany Chert				Ranges from a medium to dark gray with siliceous oolites. Red jasper also occurs in this formation.	South central Pennsylvania	Nittany Dolomite Formation, Beekmantown Group
Normanskill Chert AKA: Deepkill Chert, Coxsackie Chert				Range from a light green to a dark green or brownish green with darker bands being present.	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Mount Merino and Indian River Formations of the Normanskill Group
Onondaga Chert AKA: See page				Vary from light to dark gray to a mottled bluish gray to a dark brown or black or tan.	Pennsylvania	Onondaga Limestone Formation
Ontelaunee Chert / Dolomite				Ranges from a dark gray to black. White chert also occurs.	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Ontelaunee Formation of the Beekmantown Group
Oriskany Solicified Sandstone				White	Eastern Pennsylvania	Oriskany Sandstone Formation
Orthoquartzite (Generic type)				Varies	North America	Varies
Patuxent - Mattaponi Quartzite AKA: Mattaponi Quartzite				Range in color from a dark white to gray, cream to yellow, and pink to red.	South central Pennsylvania	Patuxent / Mattaponi Formation
Pinesburg Station Chert				Ranges from a white to very light gray.	South central Pennsylvania	Pinesburg Station Formation of the Beekmantown Group
Pocono Siltstone				Reddish brown	Central Pennsylvania	Pocono Formation
Port Ewen Chert				Ranges in color from a dark gray to black	Eastern Pennsylvania	Port Ewen Formation of the Helderberg Group
Quartz				Milky white with thin veins	North America
Quartzite				Varies from white to gray, or pink and tan in color	North America
Rhyolite				Gray to grayish black, flow banding may be present alternating from light to darker gray	North America
Rickenbach Chert AKA: Crooked Swamp Chert				Dark gray	Eastern Pennsylvania	Rickenbach Dolomite Formation of the Beekmantown Group
Ridgely Quartzite				Ranges from white to a light tan or a medium gray or pink.	South central Pennsylvania	Ridgely Sandstone Member of the Oriskany Formation
Rockdale Run Chert				Ranges from nodules of light to medium gray or beds of white chert.	South central Pennsylvania	Rockdale Run Limestone Formation of the Beekmantown Group
Schoharie Chert AKA: Aquetuck Chert				Homogenous yellowish brown to a very dark gray.	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Schoharie Member of the Onondaga Limestone Formation
Shadygrove Chert				Cream	South central Pennsylvania	Shady Grove Formation of the Conococheague Group
Shiver Chert AKA: Penns Creek , Snyder County, Troxellville, and Stoney Ridge Chert				Ranges in color from a medium gray to black	South central Pennsylvania	Shiver Formation of the Helderberg Group
Sky Hill Chert AKA: Mahoning Chert, Lawrence County Chert				Ranges in color from a light brown or tan to black. The most common color is gray	West central Pennsylvania	Upper Mercer Formation of the Pottsville group
Stonehenge Chert AKA: Stonehenge - Chepultepec Chert, Larke Chert				Ranges from a dark gray to black.	South central Pennsylvania	Stonehenge Limestone Formation of the Beekmantown Group
Ten Mile Creek Chert AKA: Washington Chert				Ranges in color from a dark brownish gray to an olive gray or bluish gray.	Southwestern Pennsylvania	Greene Formation
Trading Run Chert AKA: Helderberg Chert				Light color ranging from a mottled white to gray, cream to yellow, and pinks with iron staining commonly present.	South central Pennsylvania	Helderberg Formation
Tuscarora Quartzite AKA: Massanutten Quartzite				White and gray	South central Pennsylvania	Tuscarora Quartzite Formation of the Judy Gap Group
Uniontown Chert AKA: Waynesburg Chert				Ranges from light to medium gray or yellowish brown with yellow streaks.	South western Pennsylvania	Uniontown Formation of the Monongahela Group.
Upper Mercer Chert				Ranges in color from a medium gray to black	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Upper Mercer Limestone of the Pottsville group
Vanport Siliceous Shale AKA: Jefferson County Slate				Dark Gray	Western Pennsylvania	Vanport Formation
Vera Cruz Jasper				Ranges from a brownish yellow to a mustard yellow or a brownish red to red. Commonly has veinlets of quartz.	Southeastern Pennsylvania
Wallkill Chert				Ranges in color from black to bluish gray or light gray	Northeastern Pennsylvania	Wallkill Member of the Leithsville Formation
Wissahickon Quartzite / Vein Quartz				gray quartzite with milky white veins of quartz.	Southeastern Pennsylvania	Wissahickon Formation
Zaleski Chert Upper Mercer Chert variation AKA: Black Flint				Glossy black and commonly has white streaks	Western Pennsylvania	Zaleski member of the Allegheny Formation