Other Websites with Detailed Information:
Name Details:
Named By:
Herbert C. Taylor / further defined by Shum and Krieger
Named For: Type Site
Date Identified: 1948 / 1954
Type Site: Shumla Cave, Rio Grande, Texas
Shumla
Cluster:
Date:
Cultural Period:
3,000 - 2,200 B.P.
Late to Transitional Archaic
Neoglacial
Glacial Period:
Culture:
Outline is Representative of Size and Shape:
Description of Physical Characteristics and Flaking Pattern:
This is a small to medium triangular basal notch point with
an elliptical cross section. The blade is primarily excurvate, but may vary to straight.
Fine serration may be present. The shoulders have a strong barb
which commonly extends to the base of the point. Some examples may have shorter barbs. The stem is straight with a straight to convex base,
rarely slightly concave. The basal corners are commonly rounded,
but may vary to almost square. These points usually have a high quality of workmanship and a random flaking pattern
in Tehuacan Valley these points were made using well controlled
percussion flaking leaving a diagonal ripple or collateral flaking
pattern.
Size Measurements: Total Length - 23 to
100 mm (average 48 mm), Stem Length - 5 to 15 mm (average 10 mm), Width - 22 to 51 mm
(average 33 mm),
Stem Width - 9 to 19 mm (average 15 mm), Thickness - 5 to 10 mm
(average 6 mm), (Suhm and Krieger, 1954, MacNeish 1967)
Distribution:
Distribution Comments:
This point is primarily found in the Pecos -
Rio Grande confluence region and the lower
Pecos region and into northeastern Chihuahua and northern Coahuila.
This point has been reported into Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi,
Queretaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, Oaxaca, the Valley of Mexico, Cueva de la Nopalera, Hidalgo, and Tehuacan
Valley. Frequency decreases in southern Tamaulipas and Vera Cruz.
This point is found into southeastern New Mexico and into the Rio Grande
with decreased frequency. Frequency decreases into the Nueces
River basin.
Similar Points:
Belem, Bell, Bella Vista, Calf Creek, Cueva de la
Nopalera I, Encino II, Marshall, Nopalera, Rockwall, Ranilla, Shincola, Tecolate I, Tepeapulco Related / Associated Points:
Langtry Additional Comments:
MacNeish (1967) notes that in Tehuacan Valley and the Valley of Mexico
there is great variation of this type. The variations include a small
pointed stem to an expanding stem.
Other points in this Cluster:
Point Validity: Valid Type
Taylor is a distinguished anthropologist who specializes in the archaeology
of the Pacific Northwest. While a student on anthropology at the
University of Texas, Taylor conducted salvage excavations where this point
was identified. This point has many professional references and is
considered a valid type.
.
Age Details:
References: (See Reference Page, Entry Number):
8, 23, 30, 115, 167, 178, 189, 190, 193
Shumla Projectile Point, Shumla Arrowhead
