Name Details:
Named By:  Robert F. Heizer and  Martin A. Baumhoff
Named For:  County Type Site is located
Date Identified:  1961
Type Site: South Fork Shelter, Elko County, Nevada
Elko Split Stem
Cluster: Pinto Cluster









Commonly Utilized Material:
Primarily obsidian followed by locally available materials including basalt

3,500 - 1,400 B.P.
Late to Transitional Archaic
Neoglacial to Roman Warm
Date:                 
Cultural Period: 
Glacial Period:   
Culture:             


Outline is Representative of Size and Shape:



Description of Physical Characteristics and Flaking Pattern:

This is a medium triangular expanding stemmed point with a flattened to elliptical cross section.  The blade is primarily excurvate, but may vary to straight.  The blade is commonly serrated on this point.  The shoulders may range from slightly barbed to having an upward angle.  The stem may vary from slightly expanding to straight.  The base is concave forming a bifurcated stem.  The flaking pattern may vary from random to parallel oblique.  

Size Measurements:  Total Length - 24 to 65 mm (average 33 to 51 mm),  Stem Length - 7 to 11 mm,  Blade Width - 15 to 52 mm (average 18 to 24 mm), Neck Width - 10 to 32 mm (typically 13 to 17 mm),  Stem Width - 13 to 42 mm (typically 10 to 20 mm narrower than the blade),  Thickness 4 to 9 mm

Distribution:
Distribution Comments:

This point is found through-out the Great Basin, into the Snake River Plain and into southeastern Oregon into the Klamath Valley.  These points may be found into the northern Colorado Plateau.  They are found westward into the Sacramento River Valley.  These points are found southward into northern Baja California and northwestern Sonora Mexico.

Similar Points:
Eastgate Split Stem,, Gatecliff Split Stem, Merrybelle
Related / Associated Points:
Elko Corner Notch, Elko Eared, Elko Side Notch
Additional Comments:

The Elko type has been identified into three types, Elko Eared, Elko Corner Notch, and Elko Eared.  Two additional types; Elko contracting Stem and the Elko Split stem have been used, but these variants are not generally seen as true variants.  The Elko Split Stem variant is commonly included in the Elko Eared type due to hafting similarities (Justice, 2002).

The Gatecliff Split Stem predates the Elko Eared, but they appear to be a continuum of technology (Justice, 2002).  This point may be an intermediate between the two types, or this point may represent variations within the two points and not an separate type.  Landon (2005) distinguished Elko Split Stem from Gatecliff Split stem based on the basal terminations.  He states that the Gatecliff Split stem has a straight stem and sharp basal terminations while the Elko Split Stem has rounded basal terminations.
Pictures:
Gatecliff Projectile PointElko Split StemElko Split StemElko Split StemElko Split StemElko Split StemElko Eared Projectile PointGatecliff Projectile Point
Other points in this Cluster:
Eastgate Split Stem, Gatecliff Split Stem, Pinto

Point Validity:  Valid Type

Heizer was an eminent anthropologist and a professor at the University of California – Berkley.  Heizer was influential in promoting our understanding of the archaeology of California and Nevada.  Baumhoff was a distinguished anthropologist and serves as the Chair in the Department of Anthropology, University of California – Berkley.  He conducted extensive studies into the archaeology of California.  This type was named in a professional publication and has many professional references.  This is considered a valid type.


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Age Details:
Pictures Provided By:
Glinda Addington
Vonn Larsen
Jordan Lammert
Western Artifacts
Windy City Artifacts
KirkKirk
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References: (See Reference Page, Entry Number):

16, 23, 30, 120, 176
Elko Split Stem Projectile Point, Elko Spit Stem Arrowhead