Materials Identification Guide

Tennessee Lithic Material

 











Name Natural Non-heat treated points Heat treated points Color details Primary found in: Associated Formation / Member
Argillite   Light to dark green, but may range to various shades of gray. Tennessee  
Armuchee Chert
AKA: Horse Leg Chert, Frog Mountain Chert
Black to dark or medium gray South central Tennessee Frog Mountain formation
Banded Slate     Tennessee  
Bangor Chert Translucent and banded, ranging in color from black to a dark bluish gray or greenish Southern Tennessee Bangor Limestone formation
Bangor Limestone
AKA: Colbert County Limestone
  Medium gray Southern Tennessee Bangor Limestone formation
Bigby-Cannon Chert
AKA: Gray Banded Chert
Banded gray and white.  It has broad alternating bands of light to dark whites and grays followed by darker grays to almost black Western Tennessee Bigby and Cannon Limestone formations
Blue Gray Fort Payne Chert   Opaque gray to bluish gray, or black with tan patches.  White fossil specks are usually present Western Tennessee Fort Payne formation
Brassfield Chert
AKA: Clifton Chert / Agate, Belfast Chert
Artifacts tend to range in color from light greenish to blue or light tans mottled with yellowish red to milky white Western to central Tennessee Brassfield Formation 
Bucksnort Chert   Western Tennessee  
Buffalo River Chert Ranges in color from light to dark tans with orangish, reddish and bluish hues.  May have gray or brownish swirls Southwestern Tennessee Fort Payne Formation
Burlington Chert Varies from white to gray or tan.  Banding and mottling may be present. Western Tennessee Burlington Formation
Calfkiller Agate
AKA: Calf Killer Agate
  Mottled with colors of red, yellow, and white Tennessee  
Camden Chert Mottled white to gray, gray to gray blue, pale yellow to olive-yellow or tan.  Vugs, quarts inclusions, streaking generally present Western Tennessee Tuscaloosa Formation
Carter's Chert   Ranges in color from a white to gray with a gray brown mottling or darker gray banding and white speckles. Central Tennessee  
Chepultepec Chert
Knox Chert Variant
Ranges from yellow to white and oolitic Eastern Tennessee Knox formation
Chickamauga Chert Ranges from a brownish black to a black in bedded limestone, but ranges to a drab olive green in limestone boulders. Southeastern Tennessee Chickamauga Limestone Formation
Chilhowee Mudstone   greenish-gray in color Eastern Tennessee  
Clear Creek Chert Ranges from a slight yellowing gray to white Northwestern Tennessee Overlies the Backbone Limestone formation
Conococheague Chert Ranges from a gray to a bluish gray, brownish gray, or black.  Small blue to white inclusions may be present. Eastern Tennessee Conococheague Limestone Formation
Copper Ridge Chert
Knox Chert variant
Ranges in color from medium to dark gray to black Eastern Tennessee Knox formation between Nolichucky Shale and Chepultepec limestone
Crab Orchard Banded Chert
AKA: Gray Banded, Jelly Roll, Kentucky Stromatoporoid chert
Banded gray and white.  It has broad alternating bands of light to dark whites and grays followed by darker grays to almost black Northwestern to north central Tennessee Crab Orchard member
Crystal Quartz   clear colorless stone similar to clear glass Tennessee  
Decaturville Chert   Porous gray Western Tennessee Decaturville Formation of the Helderbergian Group
Del Rio Chert
AKA: Bayless Chert
Mottled ranging in colors from yellow to reds, dark blues to black, browns and whites Western Tennessee  
Dongola Chert Dark tan to dark brown with banding of dark brown Northwestern Tennessee St. Louis formation
Dover Chert
Fort Payne variant
AKA: Elco Chert
  Range from a light tan to almost a black chocolate brown with swirls, bands, or streaks of light to dark Northwestern to north central Tennessee Fort Payne Formation
Erwin Quartzite
AKA: Erwin - Antietam Quartzite
  Ranges from bright white to light gray, tan, brown, pink, or red.  A green brown variation is reported in Amherst County, Virginia Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, South Carolina Erwin Formation
Florence County Fort Payne Chert Ranges in color from dark gray to black and is mottled with lighter translucent light blue Southwestern Tennessee Fort Payne formation
Fort Payne Chert   Ranges in color from black to a grayish blue, or white to a bluish white.  Bluish gray is the predominate color with bluish hues Tennessee Fort Payne formation
Harbert Hills Chert   Tennessee  
Hardy Creek Chert Ranges from a brown to a gray or an olive black Northeastern Tennessee Hardy Creek Limestone Formation
Harriman Chert / Novaculite
AKA: Cypress Creek Chert
Shades of white to light yellow Northwestern Tennessee Harriman formation
Honaker Chert / Dolomite
AKA: Nolichucky Chert
Dolomite is a light to medium gray with banding present, minor chert nodules of dark gray to black with algal banding Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina Honaker Formation / Nolichucky Formation
Horse Creek Chert
Tuscaloosa variation
AKA: Pickwick Chert and Lost Quarry Chert
Banded with the band colors ranging from black to medium gray (outer band), yellow tan to pale yellow (next band), pink to reddish or brick red (center). Southwestern to south central Tennessee  Tuscaloosa Formation
Horse Mountain Agate   Variegated chalcedony with colors of white, amber, red, and black. South central Tennessee Hermitage Formation
Kingsport Chert Ranges from a medium to dark gray Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia Kingsport Formation of the Beekmantown Group
Knox Chert   Ranges from a dark blue to bluish gray with translucent mottling, rarely a reddish color with slight mottling Eastern Tennessee Knox formation
Lafayette Gravel Chert Most commonly ranges from brown to tan, greyish tan, yellowish tan, or cream, less common white and black occur. Mottling or rarely banded Missouri, Illinois, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi Lafayette Gravel Formation
Lafayette Quartzite     Missouri, Illinois, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee Lafayette Gravel Formation
Lenoir Chert Dark Gray Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama Lenoir Limestone Formation
Longview Chert
Knox variation
Primarily reddish, but white to gray colors do occur Eastern Tennessee Knox formation
Macot Dolomite / Chert Ranges from white to a light to medium gray with with mottling or streaking ranging from pink to red or green Eastern Tennessee Mascot Dolomite Formation of the Newala Group
Monteagle Chert Medium gray North central Tennessee Monteagle Limestone formation
Mustard Chert
(Fort Payne variant)
Ranges from a  tannish yellow and olive color to a bluish black and commonly has strings of bryozoan fossils forming a "string of beads". Southeastern Tennessee Ft Payne Formation
Newman Chert Ranges in color from  yellow to tan, red, and orange Northeastern Tennessee Newman Limestone formation
Orthoquartzite   Varies Tennessee  
Poteet Chert Ranges from a dark olive gray to olive black. Northeastern Tennessee Poteet Limestone Formation
Pyburn Chert         Western Tennessee Pyburn Limestone Member of the Olive Hill Formation
Quartz   Milky white with thin veins
Tennessee  
Quartzite   Varies from white to gray, or pink and tan in color Tennessee  
Rhyolite   Gray to grayish black, flow banding may be present alternating from light to darker gray Tennessee  
Shady Chert Ranges from a bluish gray to a yellowish gray blue, or white with mottling commonly present.  Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia Shady Dolomite Formation
Sonora Flint
AKA for Wyandotte Chert
  Vibrant colorful flint that may range from tans to light gray-blue and dark brown to purples North central to central Tennessee Ste. Genevieve Limestone formation
Ste. Genevieve Chert Ranges from light to medium blue, gray, and black, to olive gray and yellowish gray with gray concentric bands commonly present  Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Kentucky Ste. Genevieve Limestone formation
St. Louis Green Chert
AKA: St. Louis Formation Chert
Varying shades from light gray green to yellow green Western Tennessee St. Louis formation
Tuscaloosa Chert
AKA: Red / Yellow Jasper
Ranges in color from white, tan, yellowish tan to yellow or brown, and red Southwestern to south central Tennessee Tuscaloosa Formation
Tupelo Fort Payne Chert Light beige to light tan with light gray mottling and may have banding.  It has a creamy appearance South central Tennessee Fort Payne formation
Unakite   Mottled green and pink Tennessee  
Warsaw Chert   Southeastern Tennessee Warsaw Limestone formation
Wayne County Chert
AKA: Kentucky Blue and White Chert
Off white to light tan with white and blue North central Tennessee  
Wyandotte Chert
AKA: Indiana Hornstone, Harrison County Chert
  Ranges in color from a medium bluefish gray to a medium light gray.  Banding is common and is various shades of gray Western Tennessee Fredonia Member of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone formation